Richelsons The Wizards of Langley Inside the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review

Richelson offers a valid record of the turn of events and development of directorate of science and innovation at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA began its work in reports’ division before turning into an office of logical intelligence.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The office received science and innovation as a major aspect of furtive observation in its occasions in 1968. Probably the most vital offices obtained by the office incorporated the Corona photographic surveillance satellite and U-2 plane (Richelson 54). These projects confronted a lot of analysis from the outset. Notwithstanding, the knowledge innovation through utilization of satellites at last got the hearts of authorities in 1960 and later in 1980’s, after they understood that the projects didn't leave any space for defenselessness. A portion of these authorities of CIA were Allen Dulles who was the chief and Eisenhower, the President. These two authorities transformed into firm supporters of the projects after they discovered that no hole for arranged shelling won as the U-2 missions uncovered. The arrangements of the organization went on well until it destroyed Bay Pigs in 1961. This irritated the then U.S. president John Kennedy and what followed was the terminating of Bissell who was a pioneer in the group that coordinated the assault. Bissel had additionally assumed a key job in creating satellite and flying study mediums to watch out for the Soviet strategic test. Following the Cuban disaster, Wheelon turned into the directorate of the insight programs. Land and Killian assigned him when they understood that Kennedy needed to avoid the CIA. Their contention was that the projects were excessively perplexing for military administrators and that it was important to blend scien ce and innovation in a new CIA directorate. Following arrangement, Wheelon supported development of a top of the line logical lab, which executed propelled research in insight, medication and military.Advertising Looking for exposition on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The agency’s researchers additionally thought of frameworks for estimating the degree of movement in Soviet nuclear spots just as a technique for recognizing bosom tumor. Different frameworks created by CIA researchers included recovery machines just as frameworks for deciphering dialects. These researchers likewise made frameworks for distinguishing apparition airplanes just as human appearances. Creation of device that could recognize people’s faces was a fantastic safeguard system in battling fear based oppression. Afterward, CIA specialists guided the killings of Fidel Castro and Lumumba. CIA professionals made pills with poison ju st as peculiar homicide arms, which they used to kill the two saints. The office gave the pills to mafia who plotted the slaughtering of Fidel. CIA proceeded with creating drugs at science and innovation directorate until when the media revealed this arrangement. Afterward, a military man who was answerable for sedate creation at the office ended it all. Richelson gives a record of how the office utilized science and innovation for observation through tradecraft. The office made contraption that could veil voices and change their real looks. Another plan included wiring a listening gadget to a feline with the goal that it could record transmitted data from various zones. Be that as it may, this plan fizzled after a vehicle hit it hard in Paris. As clarified by Richelson, accomplishments of science and innovation directorate were phenomenal, since their specialized gathering was proficient. Strategy producers utilized data from reconnaissance to make guidelines about demobilization. The directorate guaranteed that all arms offered to the Soviet Union experienced investigation by the CIA.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The insight gathered by CIA helped with winning numerous battles. For example, the organization offered satellite knowledge to President Nixon and he prevailing with regards to marking an agreement relating arms control against the desire of the military. The office additionally prompted the marking of ABM settlement subsequent to convincing pundits that the Soviet-surface-air rocket device was not quite the same as a ballistic missile destroying mechanical assembly. Richelson portrays the CIA as a super office. In any case, anybody will ask why the organization didn't predict the breakdown of the Soviet Union. The politicization that happened during the rule of Casey and Gates tends to this inquiry. The pioneers controlled estimations of CIA on Soviet civilian army capacity to excuse the immense spending in U.S. barrier power. For example, the sum that Gates professed to have spent on guard program varied from photography results. In this manner, the CA neglected to consider the data gathered by photography and this shows the CIA sold out its job as a specialist among strategy and insight. Something else that Richelson neglects to consider is the fall of science and innovation at the CIA, after the directorates of insight neglected to understand the estimation of logical uncovering. During the rule of Casey and William Colby, pundits assaulted the directorate prompting its fall. Richelson, be that as it may, doesn't make reference to or think about this event in his work. Extreme disappointment followed the decrease of the agency’s science and innovation directorates. For example, both Chinese government office and Sudan ex perienced shelling in 1998 and 1999, individually. The atomic program in India likewise needed oversight. Moreover, CIA directorate clarifies that the office couldn't underwrite the test limitation settlement and this made Clinton‘s government to lose senate endorsement.Advertising Searching for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Directly, the CIA can't remain progressed in the field of correspondence insight because of control by military. Psychological oppressors have propelled frameworks of correspondences, which they use to send quick messages and this sabotages the knowledge when gathering data. This weakness along with the inadequacy of the knowledge networks with regards to examining every gathered datum prompted the disappointment of CA to anticipate the assaults arranged against America in 2001. The way that the senate select panel on knowledge has overlooked to gauge reasons that prompted the fall of science and innovation directorate is very tragic. The senate select advisory group oversees the CIA and in this way, it ought to have explored the purpose for the fall just as the impact of this fall on the logical side of the knowledge society. The instances of Land, Killian and Wheelon should go about as reference point to the board of trustees on the most proficient method to apply science on insigh t. Furthermore, the panel ought to investigate the conduct of chiefs who made first exploration to end clearing path for logical application. Taking everything into account, Richelson portrays different accomplishments of the CIA. The office is the base of most achievements of knowledge innovation. The absolute most critical offices procured by the organization incorporate the Corona photographic surveillance satellite and U-2 plane. Utilization of specialized frameworks like satellites and observation airplane has helped with looking out for arms control and this has tackled numerous debates among atomic forces. CIA has likewise prompted numerous logical advances particularly in the clinical field. Along these lines, we can't overlook the commitments of CIA to present day insight innovation. Works Cited Richelson, Jeffrey. The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Rock, MD: West view Press, 2002. Print. This paper on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review was composed and put together by client Gunner Parsons to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Human Growth and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Human Growth and Development - Essay Example Freud portrayed youngster improvement as a scope of psychosexual stages. Freud plot these psychosexual phases of improvement as â€Å"oral, butt-centric, phallic, inertness and genital† (Cherry, 2013). The joy looking for energies get engaged upon certain erogenous regions. This moxie serves drives the individual’s conduct. Sigmund Freud thought about that the character of an individual is built up generally as he/she arrives at the age of five years. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial advancement hypothesis is likewise a well known hypothesis of character in the field of brain science. As indicated by Erikson, character of an individual creates in stages. While Freud’s hypothesis illuminates the psychosexual viewpoints and encounters, Erikson’s hypothesis features the criticalness of social encounters that an individual has at various stages throughout everyday life. The two speculations are generally founded on the presumption that the encounters that an individual has during the beginning periods of advancement impacts his/her life in the later stages (Davis and Clifton, 1995). The main appalling thing that occurred in the life of Eridanus was the hospitalization of Philadelphia for a little while. The primary year of life is the phase of early stages during which the individual learns the majority of the things in life when all is said in done and builds up a reasonable comprehension of the connections and their significance specifically. Be that as it may, all together for a baby to accomplish this effectively, it is basic that he/she is given due consideration and love of the two guardians and different family members. Eridanus was too terrible to even think about having the consideration of his folks during outset because of which, he was baffled. This reflects from the way that Eridanus became tenacious with Philadelphia and her nonappearance effectively bothered him yet Philadelphia needed to battle hard to give her better half and child the consideration that every one of the two

BizCafe Weekly Business Review #4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BizCafe Weekly Business Review #4 - Coursework Example The checkbook balance remains at $904.67, implying that the business isn't completely depleted up, yet at the same time has a few incomes in the business account. The cafã © is anyway not working at a misfortune as stores exceeds the installments made. The net gain has dropped to $13, 136.23 when contrasted with the earlier week, which showed the total compensation at $13,247.48. This could be because of added fields since we needed to enlist another server and furthermore part with $500 for the coffee harm. The neighborhood work reports demonstrate a drop in the turnover rate, which presently remains at 13.6%; this is an extraordinary alleviation to the business as the earlier week was brutal where one server quit, along these lines troubling the tasks and extra costs were acquired in selecting of another server. The customer’s study shows an expansion in consumer loyalty from 54% to 55%. This could have been dictated by various reasons - incredible assistance, neighborly costs, and the extraordinary espresso advertised. This is according to the customer’s recommendations. As indicated by Cochran (2003, p.2), consumer loyalty ought to be a need for any business, as the clients decide the deals to be made, contingent upon their chance up. Fulfilled clients will showcase the business to their companions, subsequently accomplishing client steadfastness, which expands gainfulness and efficiency of a business. In the earlier week, the administration chose not to consider redesign of the cafã © as the customer’s recommendations showed that they valued the present condition of the cafã ©. Moreover, no expenses were caused, as our point is to limit on costs and boost on returns. Moreover, we have consented to a live amusement from a neighborhood jazz band, which won't charge us. This system targets pulling in clients by adding a solution for their espresso, which is music. Simultaneously, we will expand benefit

Individual business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singular strategic agreement - Essay Example The item will be exceptionally bought because of its high caliber that will address the issues of our clients. At first, the business will be set up as a sole ownership yet in future it will build its capital base by turning into a restricted organization. Political-UK political framework is fair and the legislature has made a decent business condition. Regardless of the 2008 financial emergency and, the UK government has guaranteed that its speculators and business networks are given chances to get from banks to extend their organizations. Condition In request to guarantee that organizations are in accordance with the administration guidelines, the UK government has kept on making helpful condition for the organizations (Werner, 1984). For instance, the administration has built up straightforward six stages to build up a business in the nation. What's more, the legislature decreased the organization rate from 26% in 2012 to 23% in 2014. Along these lines, organizations have higher net benefits a viewpoint that makes them to effectively grow in different territories. Social-Due to social just as political crusading, business and individual buyers have expanded the rate at which food has been squandered. This infers UK government should think of better strategies check food wastage. Legitimately, the legislature has additionally thought of a guideline that expects banks to growing loaning rates else they might be exceptionally burdened. Mechanical Based on the high innovation that UK embraces for instance the utilization of advanced mobile phones among other development, firms can successfully advertise their items. Different organizations that have infiltrated the UK showcase incorporate Google, Apple, Symbian and Microsoft among others. The utilization of face book by around 73% of web clients likewise makes the nation a truly suitable business opportunity. This suggests Great Coffee will utilize the cutting edge

Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita

MILO BRANDING: Milo brand is the world’s driving chocolate beer that can be set up with hot or cold milk or water. Given its prominence it is a â€Å"must have† item for food administration administrators especially in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Cherished and trusted by guardians and children the same, Milo items offer fundamental nutrients and minerals: * calcium for solid teeth and bones * iron to convey oxygen to the body’s cells * nutrient A for sound vision * nutrients B1 and B2 to help discharge vitality from nourishments * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in great shape.REF:(www. settle. com/brands/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Cause: Milo was initially evolved by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is promoted and sold in numerous nations around the globe. Item accessibility: It is promoted and sold in numerous nations around the globe (around the world) (Ref :WIKI) Malted grain is one of the key fixings that give MILO the one of a kind incredible taste and crunch you love. It is normally wealthy in sugars (counting starches and maltose), the favored vitality hotspot for the cerebrum, sensory system and working muscles.Including calcium, MILO contains 6 basic nutrients and minerals. Together with milk it is a supplement rich beverage for dynamic children. A glass of MILO and milk is: †High in protein †Low GI †Nutrient rich †especially calcium where it gives about half of Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). REF: (http://www. milo. com. au/items/milo/) check this site beneath â€Å"DID YOU KNOW† PACKING: Package accessible, maturing by supplanting the bygone one with including the intriguing picture.Before this, Milo bundling just have their image name, yet these days Milo have experienced the change by utilizing appearances of national competitors to pull in more clients. Plus, Milo likewise has including increasingly brilliant shading close to ofâ their green shading which is their fundamental shading. This improvement can pull in youngsters to drink Milo. By doing this change Milo will be more forward-thinking and can construct faithful client and just as to be more not quite the same as their rival, for example, Oligo Cocowhich are utilizing a similar green shading for their packaging.Milo item improvement Milo has acknowledged and ready to satisfy client needs, so they produce 3 in 1Milo from the typical powder Milo. This is for the clients that need more time or in surge since they just need a brief timeframe to make it. This is on the grounds that 3 in 1Milo as of now has included half and half and sugar for shopper accommodation. Indeed, even children likewise can do it without anyone else in light of the fact that it effectively complete and they don't need to include anything. Add more fixings To separate Milo from other item they have produce a sound Milo by including grain in Milo Fuze.This Milo is truly appropriate for buyer that worry about solid and on diet since oat can stay away from individuals from feeling hungry and contain fiber that useful for processing. Milo likewise contains a great deal of sustenance which does notcontained in the different competitor’s item, for example, Oligo Coco. Oligo Coco is only a typical chocolate malt drink and they don't have nourishment, for example, Milo. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/15/Information-in-Milo-Packaging) HORLICKS BRANDING: Horlicks is the name of an organization and of a malted milk hot drink.It is fabricated by GlaxoSmithKline and it is accessible in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Jamaica, and under permit in the Philippines and Malaysia. Horlicks has been the most driving brand driving and the most celebrated solid food drink brand over the world and just as in Bangladesh. Root: Product Origin: result of England (check this not certain). Pressing: This gave GSK the idea of bringing together the logo, bundling and planning over all the item classes of Horlicks.The new look and configuration have advanced from shopper examine over the fragments alongside traits of the brand. The components in the new structure are: †* The ‘Wave’ on the bundling shows the ‘activity’ of an individual * The visual of milk and wheat shows the supporting capacities of Horlicks * Blue and orange hues have been a piece of the Horlicks family for a long time and firmly help to distinguish the brand * The new logo likewise assumes a job in strengthening the trust and value of the brand among the buyers The bundling in a plastic container rather than a glass bottle is an approach to make the brand simpler to deal with and use.A uniform size and shape for all jugs would likewise help in lessening the expenses of delivering diverse measured jugs. Client decision of Horlicks is higher than some other food drink. BOURN vita BRANDING: Bournvita is the name of a brand of malted and chocolate malt drink and fa bricated by Cadbury nation of beginning: United realm UK. The brand has been a suffering image of mental and physical wellbeing since the time it was propelled. This layered with the incomparable Cadbury chocolate taste has made the brand particular from other offerings.It is not really astounding at that point, that Bournvita appreciates a significant nearness in the Malt Food advertise. http://www. cadburyindia. com/in/en/brands/refreshments/bournvita. aspx Most moms would get an enormous good feeling on viewing their kid swallow down a full glass of milk. Be that as it may, in all actuality, without Vitamin D, calcium isn't completely consumed from milk. Prior, daylight was the significant wellspring of Vitamin D for kids. Yet, today, as their exercises are for the most part bound inside, the every day measurement of Vitamin D may not be fulfilled.The new and upgraded Cadbury Bournvita is uniquely enhanced with Vitamin D, so you can rely upon it to draw out the decency of calcium in milk. Cadbury Bournvita, with the extra blend of nutrient C, iron and other basic nutrients and minerals increases the intensity of milk. http://www. cadburybournvita. in/Product: Cadbury India Ltd propelled Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate wellbeing drink in 1947 in India. In any case, even before propelling its new wellbeing item in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most cherished chocolate drinks around the world.Brown in light of the fact that its earthy colored in shading and Vita since it has loads of nutrients. Bournvita is about. a wholesome beverage which goes about as a dietary enhancement giving sustenance along great taste and flavors. For today’s kids who loathe milk in its unadulterated state except if seasoned, this is a perfect beverage. It has its own one of a kind flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So natural to get ready, simply moment blend it into your milk. Indeed, even a youngster can deal with this for himself when he is in a ru sh to run off to play!Many kids I have known simply gather up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happily†¦goes to demonstrate its taste bud agreeable incentive for kids. Fixings: Malt removes, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, fluid glucose, nutrients, Bourn Vitaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nourishing realities: 1) Gives protein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron and Folic Acid. 4) It likewise furnishes our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, and Thiamin which is fundamental for the best possible working of our apprehensive system.Price: Normally, cost is the most significant component in choosing the destiny of any item. While buying any wellbeing drinks be that as it may, a housewife or a mother who is a definitive purchaser gives value optional significance. She will cautiously consider the taste and nutritive qualities in the wellbeing drinks. I concur that Bournvita is one of the most costly wellbeing drinks in the market (Rs. 101 for 500gms) yet at the same time because of its great taste and incredible nutritive qualities it has caught most of the market. Target Market:Brown HFDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target crowd has consistently been kids who are in the age gathering of 7-15. Why a HFD targets crowd in this age gathering? The response to this is extremely straightforward. The vast majority of the youngsters in this age bunch have easygoing dietary patterns and milk resembles a revile for them. This is were a HFD comes into picture the work ofA HFD isn't just to add flavor to the milk yet in addition go about as supplement whichA can add sustenance to their kid. The other bit of leeway of having this portion as target advertise is HFD are generally taken with milk http://mgmtfunda. com/promoting blend 4ps-for-cadbury-bournvita/#

year 2 of the course 2

year 2 of the course 2 I know what youre thinking.  Youre thinking, hey, you missed an apostrophe!  Youre also thinking, what does a second-year know about being a mechanical engineer anyway?* *youre probably not thinking this, but hey its my blog and I get to put words in your mouth if I want. Thats a good question, which is why I went trekking to Professor Warren Seering (my new advisor)s office on Tuesday in search for the answers to life, the universe, and also how to navigate the Course 2 roadmap, littered with numbers like 2.671, 2.ThU, 2.009, and 2.087 (which can be replaced by 18.03, if you were wondering). And after chatting with Professor Seering for 15 minutes or so, I was convinced that he not only is the Best Advisor In the Universe but also might possibly be a magician, because: In 10 minutes he untangled the unruly tangle of shoelaces that is my life schedule and turned it into a perfect bow tie (where am I going with this metaphor lets just skip to the next point), Even with his whole morning booked up, with 11 meetings back to back, he went the extra mile in helping me network for a summer internship and scheduled a second meeting in a few days to discuss that in more detail, He can pull off wearing suspenders. Incidentally, he also kinda looks like Ben Affleck in Argo: Which obviously means that Professor Seering is the Batman. You see, the reason my schedule was a bit tricky is that Im applying to the Course 2 Cambridge-MIT Exchange (CME) one semester program, which would take place junior spring.  This means that I must take 2.005 and 2.006 and also some other stuff by junior fall, so the standard Course 2 roadmap  doesnt work out at all for me.  But in the end, with help and advice from Kirsten L 15 and Professor Seering and Brandy Baker (the MechE course administrator), I got things worked out. Anyway, without further ado (who am I kidding here, my blog is basically 30% ado anyway), the classes Im taking this year! Sophomore Fall 2.001 Mechanics and Materials I 12 units 2.003 Dynamics and Control I 12 units 2.086 Numerical Computation 12 units 2.678 Electronics for Mechanical Systems 6 units CMS.350 Topics and Methods in 21st Century Journalism 12 units Im pretty psyched about all my classes no more GIRs this year!  2.001 and 2.003 are standard Course 2 requirements.  2.086 is now a strict prerequisite for 2.005 (remember I have to take that next semester if Im aiming to do CME), which is why thats in my schedule. Im particularly excited about 2.678 and CMS.350 the former because its basically a lab class dedicated to teaching and helping you build whatever electronics projects you want, and the latter because its taught by Seth Mnookin, who I am totally a secret fanboy of (Hard News and The Panic Virus are fantastic reads).  He also moderated last years Nate Silver event and has a gazillion followers on Twitter, so Im hoping to pick up some of his secrets. According to the course description, CMS.350 will evaluate modern day journalism ranging from the New York Times to Twitter feeds, and assignments will be submitted through an online portal which mimics an online news source.  As you may know, I was reaaaaaally active in journalism in high school but havent really had time at MIT to join the Tech.  So this class seems like a perfect fit, and I look forward to analyzing Snow Fall or whatever other gorgeous media extravaganzas the Times has come up with by the end of 2013. Heres my projected schedule for next semester: Sophomore Spring (Tentative) 2.004 Dynamics and Control II 12 units 2.005 Thermal-Fluids Engineering I 12 units 2.007 Design and Manufacturing I, aka design a robot in an awesome competition class 12 units some HASS maybe Chris Petersons Credit for Reddit if that gets approved in time??? ? units And for the sake of completeness, heres my fairly standard freshman year classes: Freshman Fall 7.012 Introductory Biology 12 units 18.02 Multivariable Calculus 12 units 8.01 Physics (Mechanics) 12 units 21W.035 Science Writing for the Public 12 units Freshman Spring 8.02-  Physics (EM) 12 units 18.03 Differential Equations 12 units 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science 12 units 17.01 (Theories of) Justice 12 units 2.00b Toy Product Design 9 units

Is Taking the GRE Without Studying Really an Option

Students who want to go to graduate school and earn an advanced degree have a lot of things to accomplish before they start that journey of crafting their applications for their target schools. Taking the Graduate Record Examination, or the GRE, and achieving a sufficient score is just one of the things on the to-do list of a future graduate student. Some students find themselves wondering if it is absolutely necessary to study for the GRE. Is it possible to save themselves some time by taking the GRE without studying for it? If you’re considering choosing this approach to the test, continue reading to learn the risks of taking this exam without preparing for it. In addition, you’ll discover what students can do to increase their chances of earning an impressive score on the GRE without studying obsessively. The Disadvantages of Taking the GRE Without Studying A student who sits down to take the GRE without studying is likely to have a passing familiarity with a lot of the topics they encounter on the test. After all, it’s not really testing any concepts or skills they didn’t already see during the course of their education from the start of elementary school to graduation from high school. On the other hand, it’s also extremely likely that the score they receive will not reflect what the level of performance of which they are truly capable. Let’s take a look at how the student who approaches the GRE without studying for it might run into issues with the quantitative sections. The core areas of math that the GRE tests are arithmetic and algebra. Most students who take the exam will have spent years learning and mastering them, but when was the last time they actually had to use them in the direct and seemingly straightforward manner in which the GRE will pose questions? For many students, it will have been five or ten years, and for some it will have been even longer! In the Veritas Prep textbook for GRE arithmetic, students review the key areas of arithmetic the GRE will use to craft questions: topics such as basic calculations (addition, subtraction, etc.), factors and multiples (we hope you remember how to find the Least Common Multiple and the Greatest Common Factor), decimals and fractions, ratios, and percents. Flipping through the table of contents, it would be easy to assume that, because all of the topics in the list sound familiar, it will be easy to tackle the GRE without studying. Unfortunately, the kinds of questions the GRE loves to pose require test takers to have a thorough grasp of fundamental concepts and strategies for interpreting, setting up, and solving questions in various ways. A vague memory of how you tackled ratio problems in middle school simply won’t be enough; you’ll find yourself extremely vulnerable to common trap answers GRE writers love to set up for the unwary test taker (the kind of trap where reading the solution leaves you with a feeling of frustration at yourself). If this sounds like you, you are not alone; many students hit a point in their preparation for the exam where they find themselves thinking â€Å"man, 15 year old me would have crushed this kind of question. 25 year old me? Not so much.† Even if you are exceedingly confident in your ability to retain information from long-forgotten math classes (and that confidence is correctly placed), it’s still fairly likely that you will score below your true ability. Going into the GRE without studying increases the chances that you will give up points that you should earn, resulting in an artificially low score. Without studying, you will be tackling the exam without understanding exactly how questions will be presented to you. Multiple choice questions? Sure, you’ve got that covered; you saw multiple choice questions all the way through college, after all. Multiple choice questions, with the possibility of multiple correct answers? You can handle that (you may have had professors that loved adding this little twist to ordinary multiple choice questions). Numeric Entry, where you fill in your own answer? Yes, that’s how a lot of your math tests were. So far, so good, but what about Quantitative Comparison questions? GRE Quantitative Comparison questions are probably something you haven’t encountered before, so let’s take a look at an example of this unique GRE Math question type: x is a positive integer Quantity A Quantity B x x^3 A. Quantity A is greater. B. Quantity B is greater. C. The two quantities are equal. D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information above. For many students, the obvious approach here is to test possible values of x and compare Quantity A to Quantity B. Let’s start with a value of 2 for x; Quantity A becomes 2, and Quantity B becomes 8, so B is obviously greater. Just to be on the safe side, let’s test another value and see if we get the same result. If x is 3, then Quantity A becomes 3 and Quantity B becomes 27, so B is still greater. The question ruled out negative integers as possible values of x, so we don’t need to worry about dealing with a negative base with an odd exponent, and at this point we may be feeling pretty confident that B must be the right answer. For a student tackling a question like this on the GRE without studying for it, it might be time to select B and move on the question. However, a student who has prepared for the exam will know that B is only correct if B is always greater, for any possible value of x. The prepared student will know to ask themselves, â€Å"are there any positive integers that might give me an unusual result when I cube it?† Having reviewed exponent rules, they will then think â€Å"Aha! 1 always gives the same value for any exponent, so if I plug in 1 for x, then Quantity A becomes 1 and Quantity B also becomes 1, so A and B are equal in this scenario.† Thus, they can prove that D must be the correct answer: B is greater for any value of x greater than 1, but 1 is the exception to the rule. As a result, we must pick D; it is impossible to determine a relationship between the two quantities that holds true for any possible value of our variable. Tricky, right? The concept being tested would not qualify as extremely difficult, but the novel question format presents some issues that students who prepare are able to handle easily but that might not even occur to students who attempt the GRE without studying for it. The exam is full of hurdles like this: prepared students will handle them fairly easily, but unprepared students will stumble over them, sometimes without even noticing that the hurdles exist in the first place! There is another often-overlooked benefit to taking the time to prepare for the GRE: decreased test anxiety. For many students, going into an exam for which they feel unprepared (or even just underprepared) leads to increased test anxiety, decreased confidence, and an inability to move through the questions efficiently. Knowing exactly what awaits you on the test will allow you to feel fully confident in the skills and strategies you’ve honed, allowing you to display your ability to its fullest extent. How Long Does it Take to Prepare for the GRE? Once a student makes the decision to prepare for the GRE, they will want to know how much time they will need to devote to the process to go into the test fully prepared. Before embarking on a study plan, students should take a practice test to assess their initial strengths and weaknesses as well as how far away they are from their target score. Some students may find that they are starting off very close to their target scores, meaning they may only need a month or two to shore up specific weaknesses and develop familiarity with the test itself. Other students, especially those taking the GRE several years removed from their educational career, may find they need up to six months to feel confident in their skills going into the test. How to Prep for the GRE Along with taking a practice test, one of the best tips for students who are planning to take the GRE is to create a study schedule. Consistency is key: studying regularly, even if it’s broken up into shorter sessions, will typically yield better results than studying once or twice a week in marathon sessions (unlike many of the exams you took in school, the GRE tests your reasoning skills more than it tests your ability to regurgitate facts you memorized. As a result, regular practice will be more productive than cram sessions). Some students may set up a schedule that allows them two hours of GRE study per day. For instance, on Monday, a student might work on memorizing ten new vocabulary words and their definitions and tackle two pages of algebra problems. Tuesdays could be set aside for studying geometry problems and working on reading comprehension skills, such as drawing conclusions and finding main ideas in passages. Creating a study schedule allows a student to absorb the necessary study material in a gradual way. In addition, having a defined plan and objectives for each session allows a student to get the most out of each hour spent studying as well as creating an easy way to track progress. If your goal is to improve your score in an efficient way, then knowing exactly what to focus on in each session will be a huge step in the right direction. At Veritas Prep, we offer courses that help students prepare to conquer the GRE. Our professional instructors teach skills and strategies to students that they can use on every section of the exam. Furthermore, we hire instructors who have excelled on the test and demonstrated the ability to help their students do the same. In short, the students who choose Veritas Prep get valuable GRE advice from instructors who have been there, done that, and can explain how they can do it too! Tips for Success on the GRE Exam When it comes to the GRE, one of the most effective study techniques is to create flashcards for unfamiliar vocabulary words. A student can use the flashcards during regular study time or review them while waiting in a line at a store or sitting in the dentist’s office. They are a convenient study tool. Additionally, using a search engine to find definitions for unfamiliar words encountered in a practice question is a great habit. After learning the definition of a word, the smart student will then click on the â€Å"news† tab to see how the word is typically used. On tricky Text Completion or Sentence Equivalence problems, knowing that one of the answer choices is typically used in a positive context may make all the difference in picking the correct answer. One great piece of study advice for the GRE as a whole is to create a checklist of skills and concepts to be reviewed as you move through your study schedule. Being able to check things off as you progress is a great feeling and will provide clear evidence of your progress as well as solid motivation to continue your improvement. It is more difficult to improve something you aren’t measuring, so be sure to track your performance after each study session. For an individual study session, many students find it useful to spend a few minutes at the end of the session reviewing how the session went, both in terms of what went well and what still needs improvement. After spending a couple of hours practicing algebra, a student may write down the areas they feel confident in (equations and exponents, for instance) as well as the areas they need to spend more time on (inequalities and absolute value, say). Students who want to know more about how to prepare for GRE test questions can also benefit from working with the expert instructors at Veritas Prep. We do more than teach students how to pass the GRE: we teach them how to excel on the test! Contact our dedicated staff at Veritas Prep today. Want to jump-start your  GRE preparation? Register to attend one of our upcoming free online GRE Strategy Sessions or check out our variety of GRE Course and Private Tutoring options. And as always, be sure to follow us on Facebook, YouTube, Google+ and Twitter!