Makeup HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Makeup HW - Assignment Example Serfdom-that is what it is-and who wants to be a serf?† (Nadya) They also think that they would not be able to co-exist with each other in the community farms because even in their privately owned farms, they still could not go days without disagreeing when Lukyan said â€Å"Nowadays members of the same family get in each other’s way and quarrel and fight, and here we are, strangers, are supposed to be like one family. Can we-dark, beastly muzhiks-make a go of it without scratching each other’s faces, pulling each other’s hair or hurling stones at one another?† (Nadya) They view the agitators of collectivism as people who are intent on destroying their way of life, wanting them to bend to their rule by force. One of the muzhik said, â€Å"We do as we please. ... They claimed that they exploited the resources for their own benefit and did not think of the future whereas they thought of the future. The Communist Party official said â€Å"Isn’t it about time you stopped thinking each one for himself, for his own piggish hide? You koolaks of course will never become reconciled to a new order. You love to fatten on other people’s blood. But we know how to deal with you. We’ll wipe you off the face of the earth, even as we have the capitalists in the city. Make no mistake about our intentions and our powers. We shan’t allow you to profit from the weakness of the bedniak.† (Nadya) Living through Industrialization The Stalinist industrialization enabled the Soviet workers to move from the countryside to the cities, thrust millions of them into technical institutes where they learnt new skills and nurtured new ambition, provided them with jobs, citizenship and enabled them to venture into politics. The Tatar electri cian stated â€Å"Before October, in old tsarist Russia, we weren’t even considered people. We couldn’t even dream about education, or getting a job in a state enterprise. And now I am a citizen of the USSR. Like all citizens, I have the right to a job, to education, to leisure. I can elect and be elected to the soviet (legislative council). Is this not an indication of the supreme achievements of our country?† (Davis) The criticisms voiced in this excerpt are from the citizens who were the actual labourers and they include the soviet worker who wrote a letter in 1938 when he said, â€Å"However, to be honest, those shouts are mechanical, made from habit†¦ in fact, in his heart, when he comes home, this bawler, eulogist, will agree with his family, his wife who reproaches

Middle East History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Middle East History Questions - Essay Example American had a ‘second war for independence’ with British government. The government rigorously sustained its efforts in integrating the federal states and has sustained its economic expansionism in many of its politically controlled nations in eastern part, in Asia and in Hawaii (Norton & Katzman, 2011). The Great awakening assuaged the removal of slavery and paved toward the recognition of women as partners for economic development. Reconstruction era further bolstered the removal of discrimination and paved the way to naturalization of citizens. The 19th century featured United States as an imperial nation which subjugated Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam in a Treaty of Paris. Industrialization and progressive movements as the west accumulated wealth through import and export policies. The nation upholds the primacy of education to develop skilled and intellectual labor forces. Capitalism became its dominant economic philosophy while government focused on mining, agr iculture, telecommunication development and global marketing. It further gained power as its financial institution gained more control over nations who availed financial supports and loans at the height of economic depression (Norton & Katzman, 2011; Kinzer, 2011). The west gained the image as the first nation, global power and economic authority thru globalization. It wielded military power in World War I and considered communism as a Red Scare, a threat to American idealism, during the World War II. In this war, with allied nations, America supported partners with resources, food, petroleum and technology (Norton & Katzman, 2011; Kinzer, 2011). In 1920s, America suffered Great Depression which resulted to deflation and increase of unemployment rate. They were however able to restore the system by regulating and reforming the banking system, stock market and its economy. The nation vigorously sustained its geographic presence in many nations either by the deployment of its military forces in strategic regions, or by economic relations thru trade and offshore marketing, by gaining over nautical highways, and import-export relations using treaties and agreements (Tuveson, 1980). The mid part of the 19th century was considered as the cold war period where US and Russia gained the reputation of storing weapons of mass destructions. The era also showed partnership of US and Britain in their interest in West Germany, thus the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. Many decades, thereafter, US waged its anti-terrorism campaign against al-Qaeda network through allied nations. War in Iraq and Afghanistan ensued until the arrest and death of Osama Bin Laden, head of terrorist organization, in Pakistan recently. While America is admittedly dependent on oil from Middle East countries, but eastern nations, most of which are member states of OPEC, have difficulty in adapting the intellectual, technological, economic, and

Dot Net Sap Integration With Exchange Infrastructure Computer Science Essay

Dot Net Sap Integration With Exchange Infrastructure Computer Science Essay The SAP Connectors allow the integration of different applications using its technology with SAP Systems using the standards. The connectors are means for technical interoperability of SAP Components (written in ABAP or ABAP Objects) and other components (e. g. written in Java, C++, Visual Basic, .NET, etc.). There are many types of SAP Connectors such as SAP .NET Connector, SAP JAVA Connector, SAP DCOM Connector, SAP BUSINESS Connector. SAP Exchange Infrastructure is middleware which can be used by various applications and technologies to integrate with SAP using an open protocol and standards. SAP Exchange Infrastructure (SAP XI) is SAPs enterprise application integration (EAI) software, a component of the Net Weaver product group used to facilitate the exchange of information among a companys internal software and systems and those of external parties. Like other Net Weaver components, SAP XI is compatible with software products of other companies. SAP calls XI an integration broker because it mediates between entities with varying requirements in terms of connectivity, format, and protocols. According to SAP, XI reduces integration costs by providing a common repository for interfaces. The central component of SAP XI is the SAP Integration Server, which facilitates interaction between diverse operating systems and applications across internal and external networked computer systems. Exchange Infrastructure SAP Xi- Architecture XI is well suited for connecting SAP systems with each other and with non-SAP. If the focus is not on SAP systems, other solutions might be a better choice today. SAP XI provides an integrated workflow engine that allows to define adapters to non-XML-protocols and mappings to convert data content from source to target. Central XI monitoring offers the following options: Component monitoring Message monitoring Performance monitoring Alert configuration Cache monitoring Business Process Management A business process is an executable, cross-system process. In a business process we can define all the process steps that are to be executed and the parameters relevant for controlling the process. Implement cross-component Business Process Management (BPM) when required to define, control, and monitor complex business processes that extend across enterprise and application boundaries. Integration Engine The Integration Engine is the runtime environment of the SAP Exchange Infrastructure. It enables to process XML messages exchanged between applications in heterogeneous system landscapes. Both applications of SAP components and external applications can communicate with the Integration Engine. Using adapters, the Integration Engine can also process IDocs (Intermediate Documents) and RFCs (Remote Function Calls). This option is available for applications that have already defined IDocs or RFCs, as well as for applications of SAP components that do not yet have access to the proxy generation functions. The following are examples of other important parts of this infrastructure: Proxy Generation Integration Repository Integration Directory The integration processes involved can take place between heterogeneous system components within a company, as well as between business partners outside company boundaries. Adapter Runtime A central component of the adapter runtime is the Adapter Framework, with services for messaging, queuing, and security handling. The adapter framework supports the JCA standard (JCA: J2EE Connection Architecture) and communicates with Resource Adapters, which are either a component of SAP XI or are provided by SAP partners. All adapters shipped by SAP are resource adapters, apart from the IDoc adapter. The following adapter components are based on the adapter framework: Adapter Engine (J2EE): For adapter communication within a system network. Partner Connectivity Kit (J2EE): Enables business partners who do not have SAP XI installed to receive and send messages System landscape Directory Business partners who use SAP Exchange Infrastructure (XI) can exchange messages between their system landscapes. If both business partners use SAP XI 3.0, then we can connect the two Integration Servers to exchange data. An SAP XI 3.0 Integration Server can also send and receive SAP XI 2.0 messages. Therefore, it is also possible to integrate business partners who use SAP XI 2.0. Small business partners who do not use SAP XI can use the Partner Connectivity Kit (PCK) to exchange messages with the system landscape of a business partner who uses SAP XI 3.0. Partner Connectivity Kit The PCK of the smaller business partner receives a message from its system landscape and converts the format of the message to XI message protocol. The message is forwarded to the Integration Server for further processing. To forward XML messages from the Integration Server to a receiver business system in the system landscape of the smaller business partner, the PCK of the business partner receives the message, converts into the format required by the receiver system, and then forwards the message. The PCK contains the following adapters: RFC Adapter File Adapter JMS Adapter JDBC Adapter SOAP Adapter XI Adapter How SAP XI works with .Net? If the .NET application is exposing any API in the form of Web servics, SAP XI can make a call to the web service. If .Net app is on the sending then it can call SAP XI using a HTTP call or using a Web service. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) is generated using SAP XI and then its used to generate the client proxies in VB. The ASP.NET web application interacts with SAP XI using generated VB class and SAP XIs SOAP adapter. WSDL WEB SOAP SOAP RFC User Generate Client proxies using WSDL in VB/C# Reference.cs Form.aspx Form.aspx.cs Webapp.dll ASP.NET Web Appln Steps for connecting .Net with SAP: Configurations from SAP Xi side Create request message mapping. Create response message mapping. Create interface mapping between source target. Create sender communication channel of type SOAP adapter using the outbound synchronous interface and its namespace. Create receiver communication channel of type RFC adapter. Create receiver determination using sender service, outbound synchronous interface, receiver R/3 business system and then create interface determination using RFC and finally create receiver agreement using receiver RFC channel. Create a WSDL for the outbound synchronous interface. Use this URL http://host:port/XISOAPAdapter/MessageServlet?channel=party:service:channel while defining web service. Save the WSDL (Web Services Description Language) in the local system. Configurations in .Net side Open the development environment of Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and create a new project of type Visual Basic using the template ASP.NET Web Application. Copy the WSDL generated using SAP XI in the root folder of web application. Go To solution explorer > References > Add Web Reference. Browse To: Web services on local machines. Select the service and click on Add reference. When the web reference is added for the WSDL the .VB source (proxy) is generated in the Web References folder of the web application. This proxy needs to be compiled into Dynamic Linked Library .DLL. For this, build the web application using Build>Build Web application. The DLL is generated in webapp/bin/ folder Pros Monitoring is better than any other middleware product. It offers exhaustive monitoring features like message, performance, component monitoring etc, all of which can be used to track and rectify the errors. It follows a hub and spoke model. When we need to integrate with an SAP system XI has an advantage in supporting various SAP components and so on. Process functionalities inside XI to modify content in the communication channel on own defined rules for business purposes. Mappings and adapters are good as comparable with any other middleware product. Synchronous Asynchronous communication is possible. Cons Web methods are particularly good if u have B2B kind of communication with their Trading Partners product. XI is lacking full-fledged Message Queue compared to other established Middleware products. It lacks in ability to process huge messages but SAP is working on that. It does not have a messaging layer exposed by APIs like IBM MQ-Series. It is not comparable to Tibco in terms of speed. SAP relies on other vendors except for a few adapters. Conclusion: Currently applications in Honeywell are using the various SAP connectors. Migrating the applications integration to SAP Exchange Infrastructure will get cost advantage by avoiding SAP connector licenses. SAP PI Base Engine is priced based on the overall processed message volume expressed in Gigabytes (GB) per month. The applications will also benefit from modern integration functionalities like delivery assurance, once-only, ordered-delivery, prioritization, review of messages and resubmitting after correction. SAP Xi is one of the key building blocks of enterprise SOA architecture provided by SAP. We can continue to leverage towards Honeywell SOA based IT landscape with SAP Xi.

Preparing for Success in a High Tech World Essay -- essays papers

Preparing for Success in a High Tech World The expectations of teachers when faced with teaching and learning technology can often be a difficult subject. Teacher technology standards can often be hard to define and preparation is needed to ensure the quality of both the teacher and their student’s education. The intention of this paper is to examine educational practices and training experienced by teachers to guide them in the process of implementing classroom activities designed to meet National Educational Technology Standards (NETS). National Expectations of Teachers According to the NETS website, its main goal is to develop standards to guide educational leaders in recognizing and addressing the essential conditions for effective use of technology to support Pre K-12 education. The standards that are being developed and refined are to build a technology foundation and set student standards (which will reflect the teachers teaching skills), the connection of the curriculum and technology, educational support standards, standards for student assessment and evaluation of technology use in learning and teaching, accredited teacher preparation programs, unit guidelines, and general standards for all teachers. These standards are what is shaping the future of educational technology and how it used by both teachers and students. Hopefully they will go into affect soon so that the nation can evaluate what areas of technology need the most attention. A Strong Hold on Technology To ensure a teacher is able to instruct technology properly adequate training must be provided . As well as a large effort put forth by the instructor to gain the knowledge of technology and to be able to teach it. The National Educational... ...rview.html This site went over the ISTE standards as well as overviewed the NETS project and offered other related links. (2000). Teaching and Learning on the Internet. Technology Standards for Teachers. Retrieved September 22, 2003, from http://dragon.ep.usm.edu/capstone/tonette/nets.html This site went over six steps for teaching and learning on the Internet from educational operations and concepts to ethical issues to help teachers understand what, why and how to teach technology. (2003). US Department of Education. Department Seeks Broad Input for New National Education Technology Plan. Retrieved November 23, 2003, from http://www.ed.gov/news/pressreleases/2003/05/05232003.html This site went over how the US Dept. of Education was going to go about implementing a plan for new technology education and Rod Paige the Dept.’s secretary was directly quoted.

Process Design Matrix OPS/571 Essay

When working for Swim World Inc. it was necessary to help customers in various situations. Customers would bring in their water from pools or spas to be tested and get advice on how best to keep them balanced. It was the duty of the sales representative or manager to help the customer with this important aspect of owning a pool or spa. If the customer had an older spa and was looking at the newer spas on display then the sales representative would inform the customer about the features of the newer spas and what the positive aspects of changing spas would be. The workforce at Swim World Inc. was very small due to the fact that it was a new store and not very well known in the small town it is in. The store was small and with two other stores in Wenatchee and Chelan it was very possible to run with just two people and weekly visits from the delivery crew and service/repair team. With these people coming in and out of the store regularly it was little wonder that the owner only came down from the Wenatchee store once a year to survey what is being done and give the two members of the store a pep talk to get them selling more spas, patio furniture, stoves, and lawn ornaments. This plus a commission on all big ticket items helped to keep the team motivated to make customers happy and move inventory. For the manufacturing process Papa Johns Pizza Delivery was chosen. This store is very well placed in the small town that it operates in. Located on a very busy street in Moses Lake it is centrally located and the whole town can be navigated within an easy ten minutes of the store. This allows the workers within the store to be very detail oriented. Assembling the pizza, cooking it and making sure there are no big bubbles in the dough when cooking is easily done. This makes it very pleasing to the eye and customers are less likely to complain. Drivers can take the completed pizza and deliver it within minutes of coming out of the oven. Hot fresh pizza made with quality ingredients lets Papa Johns Pizza be one of the most successful in the small town where two other big names in the pizza business are all located. Scheduling for Papa Johns Pizza is very carefully done. A shift lead opens the store in the morning to prep for the day to come. Two drivers are there to help open the store and delivery the first orders that come in to the location. Around 1pm in the afternoon the manger and two to three more drivers come in for the afternoon rush. On Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays there are anywhere from two to three drivers for every one inside person working. The evenings have at least a manager or assistant manager and a shift lead on the schedule with anywhere from one to three insiders plus five to six drivers on duty so that pizzas go out quickly and easily to keep customer complaints to a minimum. Both service and manufacturing businesses make sure that they keep customers happy and coming back to the business. Repeat business makes a company happy to hire more employees who adhere to the company’s motto of doing the best job possible for the customer. Scheduling and workforce are a necessary part of the business to make sure there is enough staff on hand to keep the customers from standing in line for a significant amount of time. This one-on-one approach assures customers that they are being put first and not just a pocket book of money.

India China compare and contrast Essay

Hinduism and Buddhism were two very different religions that arose on the subcontinent of India. They were the building blocks of the most populated country in the world and still have lasting impacts today. India’s Hindu and Buddhist roots play a major role in their actions today as a world super power. By extension, Hinduism and Buddhism played very different but equally vital roles in the beginnings of India’s modern societal and cultural values. The influences on society of Hinduism and Buddhism differed in Hinduism’s implementation of a strict rigid caste system and the Buddhist idea of having a single leader that influenced the people (a Bodhisattva), while they were similar in both giving the people who followed them a goal in life because both religions promoted right living to achieve spiritual enlightenment. Hinduism and Buddhism differed in the societal impact of caste implementation; the Hindus strongly forced this stratified class system while the Buddhists discouraged it. This is one of the largest differences between these two religions and played a major role in the history of India. In India, before the life of Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha), the caste system was a way of life. Its strict and rigid implementation into the daily lives of all changed the society through such varying social classes. The caste system divided people into very strict social classes, and relationships/intermarriage between castes was not allowed. This meant that the classes in India stayed the same, and moving up or down in caste was impossible. When Buddhism was introduced, the Buddha believed the caste system was not needed for enlightenment and as his followers accumulated, the impact of the caste system dimished, allowing for the eventual banning of it altogether. Both of these religions’ beliefs pertaining to caste regulation and social stratification forever changed the ideals of India and continue to today. Hinduism and Buddhism also differed in the existence of a single leader; the Hindus had none, while the Buddhists followed the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. This difference impacted society because before the rise of Buddhism, the Hindus had no specific origin or leader to follow. When the Buddha began his teachings, the society of India experienced a monumental shift as many of the people previously lacking a leader had someone to follow. This began the transition  to Buddhism as well as instigated other social impacts like the weakening of the previously absolute caste system and majority Hindu following in India. The Buddha’s teachings and ideas were described in the allegorical novel, Siddhartha, which shows in part the Buddha’s following, his rise in fame, and journey to enlightenment through life. The foll owers and fame of the Buddha gradually changed the values and beliefs of Indian society as nothing in several thousand years of Hindu dominance had. As a result, this changed Indian society in ways that we continue to see to this day. However, Hinduism and Buddhism were similar in giving their followers a goal (enlightenment) in life; Hinduism and Buddhism’s followers both strive to achieve enlightenment or nirvana: through Moksha, Karma, and Dharma, or through the eight-fold path. Either way, Indians have a goal in life, something with lasting impacts on societal values and the way of life of many Indians. Siddhartha, written as an allegory, displays this perfectly. The protagonist strives for enlightenment in life in the same way the followers of this religion do. As a result, this religion changes the society of India through living consciously to ones Dharma and practicing all aspects of the eight-fold path. Instead of living life hopelessly, like the early Mesopotamians who had nothing to hope for after life on earth, Indians strive for the betterment of society through first bettering themselves and altering the soci ety as a whole.

A needs orientated approach to care The WritePass Journal

A needs orientated approach to care Introduction A needs orientated approach to care IntroductionAssessmentPlanningImplementationEvaluationConclusionReference listRelated Introduction The aims of this assignment are to provide a needs orientated approach to care using a nursing model alongside a nursing process in order to create a framework. The nursing model for the purpose of the assignment will be Roper, Logan and Tierney (RLT). A nursing model is used to determine what is important and relevant to providing individualized care (Barrett, Wilson, Woollands 2009). This will be discussed in detail providing evidence of strengths and weaknesses of the model. The nursing process that will be discussed will be APIE which is assess, plan, implement and evaluate. A nursing process is a systematic approach which focuses on each patient as an individual ensuring that the patients holistic needs are taken into consideration. These include physical, social, psychological, cultural and environmental factors. . The nursing process is a problem solving framework for planning and delivering nursing care to patients and their families (Atkinson and Murray 1995). When used coll aboratively the nursing model and the nursing process should provide a plan of care that considers the patient holistically rather than just focusing on their medical diagnosis (Moseby’s 2009). It will also discuss an example of a care plan done for a fictional patient and evaluate and discuss how the nursing plan and the nursing process have created a plan of care and how effective this was or was not. Care planning is a highly skilled process used in all healthcare settings which aims to ensure that the best possible care is given to each patient.   The Nursing and Midwifery council state that care planning is only to be undertaken by qualified staff or by students under supervision. The Department of health (2009) says that â€Å"Personalized care planning is about addressing an individual’s full range of needs, taking into account their health, personal, social, economic, educational, mental health, ethinic and cultural background and circumstances† with the aim of returning the patient to their previous state before they became ill and were hospitalized considering all of these needs to provide patient centered care. It recognizes that there are other issues in addition to medical needs that can impact on a person’s total health and well being’.It provides a written record accessible to all health professionals where all nursing interventions can b e documented. Care planning is extremely important as it enables all staff involved in the care to have access to relevant information about the patients current medical problems and how this affecting them in relation to the 12 activities of living as well as any previous medical history. Barrett et al (2009) state that taking care of an individuals needs is a professional, legal and ethical requirement. There are many different nursing models all of which have strengths and weaknesses and its up to the nurse to choose the right one for individual patient, the model which is used will vary between different speciailties depending on which is more relevant to the patient and their illness and needs. Although a vast majority of hospitals now use pre-printed care plans it is important to remember that not all the questions on them will be relevant to all patients. An example of this would be that activity of breathing may not have any impact on a healthy young adult be would be a majo r factor for an elderly man with COPD. There are four stages to the nursing process which are Assess, plan, implement and evaluate (APIE) but Barrett et al state that there should be six stages to include systematic nursing diagnosis and recheck (ASPIRE)   as although they are included in the nursing process they are not separate stages and could be overlooked.(Barrett et al 2009). It is important that a nursing process is used and it is set out in a logical order, the way in that the nurse would think this helps minimize omissions or mistakes. Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing suggests that there are five interrelated concepts which need to be taken into consideration when planning and implementing care which are activities of living, lifespan, dependence/independence continuum, factors influencing activities of living and individuality in living (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). Assessment Assessment is fundamental to gaining all the information required about the patient in order to give the best possible care. â€Å"Assessment is extremely important because it provides the scientific basis for a complete nursing care plan† (Moseby’s 2009). The initial assessment untaken by nurses is to gather information regarding the patients needs but this is only the beginning of assessing as the holistic needs of the patient including physical, physiological, spiritual, social, economic and environmental needs to be taken into consideration in order to deliver appropriate individualized care (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). When using the 12 activities of living (ALs) for assessment it gives a list a basic information required but must not just be used as a list as the patient will respond better to questions asked in an informal manner and when just part of the general conversation. RLT (2008) state that although every AL is important some are more important than o ther and this can vary between patients. It is important for nurses to obtain appropriate information through both verbal and non-verbal conversation patients are more likely to give correct information but without jumping to conclusions or putting words into their mouths. ‘Assessment is the cornerstone on which a patients care is planned, implemented and evaluated (RLT 2008). â€Å"Poor or incomplete assessment subsequently leads to poor care planning and implementation of the care plan† (Sutcliffe 1990). Information can be gained from the patient, the patients family and friends as well as any health records (Peate I, 2010) During this process of gathering information it is important to find out what the patient can do as well as what they cant. , McCormack, Manley and Garbett (2004) state that gathering the information requires a certain kind of relationship between the nurse and the patient and nurses need to be able to communicate effectively in order to be able to build this relationship.   A full assessment needs to consider how the patient was before they became ill or hospitalized in relation to their medical diagnosis as well as how the patient was dealing with it, how they are now, what is the change or difference if any, do they know what is causing the change, what if anything they are doing about it, do they have any resources now or have they have in the past to deal with the problem (barrett et al). RLT (2008) state that there are 5 factors that influence the 12 activities of living which are biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and politicoeconomic, these may not all have an effect on each patient but all need to be taken into consideration.The more information gained in the assessment process the easier the other steps will follow. RLT (2008) suggest that assessing is a continuous process and that further information will be obtained through observations and within the course of nursing the patient. At the end of the initial assessment the nurse should to identify the problems that the patient has. There are limitations to using a nursing process which are   the 12 als are often used as a list as part of a core care plan and are not always individualized Walsh (1998) argues that the 12 activities of living may just be used as a list which could result in vital information being missed which could be detrimental to the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) states a nurse is personally and professionally accountable for actions and omissions in practice and any decisions made must always be justifiable. There are many benefits to using a nursing process it is patient centered and enables individualized care for each patient. It also gives patients input into their own care and gives them a greater sense of control it is outcome focused using subjective and objective information which helps and encourages evaluation of the care given. It also minimizes any errors and omissions. When I carried out the assessing stage on mabel I did this using the 12 activities of living as suggested by Roper et al (2008) but this was used too much like a checklist. I didn’t gather enough information in order to be able to do the best plan of care possible for her although I don’t feel this could have been detrimental to the care she received it needed more information than I had. I also found it difficult deciding which information should go where so I endened up repeating information in more than one of the 12 als, Which although this wouldn’t have made a difference to the planning of the care plan there was too much irrelevant information which could mean that it wasn’t read thoroughly just skimmed over as it would take too much time. As I am inexperienced in doing this I realized when writing the care plan that there were many questions that I didn’t ask so there where many parts that could not be filled in. I also didn’t gather e nough objective data for certain parts so I didn’t have   any evidence that the care had worked or how effective it had been. This is where Barrett et al (2009) state that there should be a systematic nursing diagnosis where nurses establish a nursing diagnosis rather than just a medical diagnosis. This is where the holistic needs of a patient are taken into consideration. Although nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis the two do interlink but a nursing diagnosis considers the physical, psychological and spiritual aspects of the medical diagnosis and problems that may arise from these. Another part of the systematic nursing diagnosis is to provide baselines to state where the patients are at at the present time so that a needs statement can be written in conjunction with the patient in terminology that they can understand(Barrett et al 2009). Planning The next stage of the nursing process is planning this is where all the information gained in the assessment part to plan the care of the patient. The planning stage of the process is where achievable goals need to be made through discussion with care givers and the patient or the patients representative. These goals need to contain both subjective goals and objective goals in order for them to be measurable and evaluated. The plan of care is to solve the actual problems the patient has and to prevent potential problems from becoming actual ones. It also aims to help the patient cope with their illness in a positive way and to make them as comfortable and pain free as possible (RLT 2008). Planning needs to be totally individualized and patient centered they need to feel they have a voice and part of the team. The more information gathered in assessment the easier the plan of care will be. The main objective of a nursing plan is to ‘provide the information on which systematic, i ndividualized nursing can be based and individualized nursing can be based and implemented by any nurse’ (RLT 2008). Through a detailed individualized plan of care any nurse caring for a particular patient should be able to see exactly what is required of them as all the information will be recorded in the care plan.   The NMC (2008) says that nursing interventions need to be specific for that particular patient, based on best evidence, measurable and achievable. There are many different criteria for setting goals just one of these is PRODUCT which stands for, Patient centered, recordable, observable and measurable, directive, understandable and clear, credible and time related. This is just meant as a way of helping nurses to set goals (Barrett et al 2009). When planning care a great emphasis needs to be based on the dependence/independence continuum which will have been established in the assessment phase. The care to be given will encourage the patient to get back to as reasonably possible or as close to where they were on the continuum as they were before they were admitted to hospital. Planning also needs to take into account the resources available to implement the care as they need to ensure that the care they are planning is achievable and will not be compromised by lack of resources or a shortage of nursing staff (Roper et al 2008). When I did a plan of care for mabel it quickly became evident how inexperienced I was. I didn’t gather enough information in the assessing period to be able to do an effective plan of care. I also didn’t know how achievable the goals where as I wasn’t aware of how long they would take to improve or if they where achievable or not, I also found it difficult determine which problems were interrelated and as a result tried to link anxiety in with another problem when in fact it was a problem on its own. I was able to write the needs statements effectively that were not long but on a couple of these the influencing factors were missed out which would be necessary when providing holistic care. Planning care for a patient requires a great deal of knowledge in the chosen specialty which is why it must be carried out by a qualified member of staff or a student under supervision. Implementation Implementation is the next part of the nursing process and where all the goals which were set in the planning stage are put into motion and the goals can start to be achieved through nursing and medical interventions. The main component of the implementation stage is the delivery of the care to the patient. This is done with nursing staff, the multidisciplinary team members involved in the patients care such as doctor, dieticians and physiotherapists and the patient themselves in order for the patient to be able to return to how they were previously before they were admitted to hospital. The plan of care will be specific to the particular patient and will focus on the biopsychosocial aspects of the patient (Marriner 1983).Implementation provides great emphasis on individualized care which is why it is important to establish in the previous phases where they are on the dependence/independence continuum and what they are able to do now and what they were able to do before. Individualis ed care is associated with how the patient did things before such as how the person carries out the ALs and how often they carry these out. An example of this would be when carrying out the AL of personal cleansing and dressing to individualise the care it would be necessary to have determined in the assessing stage how the patient usually did this and how often it wouldn’t be individualized if in the care plan it was stated that they got a shower every morning if at home they only did this once a week. Core care plans may be used in certain situations this can provide a greater level of care as potential problems can be foreseen if related to a certain problem on the other hand it is also important not to standardize care as patients react differently to different illnesses and treatment. (Faulkner A, 2000). The NMC (2008) state that nurses are required to ‘Make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity’. In order to deal with certain problems or situations people often develop coping strategies which can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive coping strategies are usually helpful to the patient whereas maladaptive ones could be detrimental to their health such as smoking or drinking, the patient may feel this helps them to deal with a present situation but it is actually causing them harm.   Patients need to be discouraged from using maladaptive coping strategies this could be done by introducing them to adaptive coping strategies and encouraging them to change their maladaptive ones into adaptive ones. Diamond (2008) states that there are also legal and ethical issues when it comes to implementing care as consent needs to be gained before any care is implemented and if this is not given the care cannot be given this will obviously have an effect on how effective the care has been when evaluating the care. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) state in section 3 of the code o f conduct you must obtain consent before you give any treatment or care (2002). During the implementation of Mabel I found that although I was able to implement the care effectively I hadn’t recognized all of the nursing interventions needed to provide holistic care and I wasn’t fully aware of timescales of the planned care. I feel I also needed to research further into Mabel’s problems in order to gain the appropriate knowledge to provide the best care available as this would ensure that are the interventions are evidence based and best practice (NMC 2008). Barrett et el (2008) state that this is where recheck should take place which would enable the health care provider to establish how effective the plan of care is before the treatment ends this would enable them to re-evaluate the plan of care while the treatment is still ongoing and adjust the goals accordingly. Evaluation Evaluation is where the care that has been given can be assessed to evaluate the care given and whether it has worked or not. Chalmers (1986) describe that it is an ongoing and continuous process and also occurs at timed points in a formal setting. Roper et al (2000) say that evaluating care also provides a basis for ongoing assessment, planning and evaluation. There are two different parts to evaluation summative evaluation and formative evaluation. Formative evaluation is done with the patient taking into account whether they feel the care given has worked when done with consideration of the dependence/independence continuum information regarding the patients previous place on the dependence/independence continuum can be obtained from the patient, their friends and relatives as well as other health care professionals in the multidisciplinary team involved in the care of the patient. Summative evaluation is when the holistic view of the patient is taken into consideration how they feel about the treatment, whether they felt that the goals were achievable. It so where all the measureable data stated in the baselines and data received after this time are analyzed to show how effective or not the treatment has been. When evaluating care consideration needs to be given to the influencing factors such as biological factors as the bodies physical ability varies according to age the physical ability of an older person is generally less efficient, therefore therefore the plan of care needs to take this into consideration so that when the evaluation takes place it its hoped to have been effective. A nurse needs to evaluate her patient’s status regularly for some patients this will be just once a day but for others it will be much more frequent depending on their illness and healthcare status. RLT (2008) says that evaluation must be individual to the specific patient and not just a standard goal that is related to a specific problem. If goals haven’t been achieved then it is up to the nursing staff to determine why. Maybe the goals set weren’t measureable or achievable. Parsley and Corrigan (1999) say that if goals haven’t been measureable or achievable then new goals need t o be set. It could also be that the nursing interventions were not successful in which case new interventions should be set. Through my evaluation of Mabel it was evident that I did not require all the information to do a comprehensive plan of care. Although I did set baselines which meant I could compare data I wasn’t experienced enough to set goals to the correct timeframe I also didn’t obtain enough measureable information in certain problems to be fully able to assess how effective or ineffective the care had been. Had I had more experience I feel that the evaluation wouldn’t be a problem.   Evaluation requires checking and rechecking in order to see the effectiveness of the care delivered. It requires knowledge and expertise to be able to effectively evaluate and amend the goals and interventions set as necessary. The whole care planning process took me a long time and I still was not very good at certain aspects of it. When setting goals a lot of detailed information is required in order for the plan of care to be effective so I can now understand why it is necessary for a trai ned member of staff to carry out the task. Conclusion This assignment has shown that when used together the nursing process and the nursing model provide a good basis to providing care. It sets out a systematic approach to providing care. Care needs to be set out in a way that both the nurse and the patient know exactly what is happening as well as any other health care professional in the multidisciplinary team providing care for the patient. It has also shown that involving patients in their care enables them to feel they are part of the team and are more likely to help themselves with their care. Reference list Sutcliffe E 1990, Reviewing the process progress. A critical review of literature on the nursing process. 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